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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 (symbolic) \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a (Wayfinding). \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0632\u062e\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635 (\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0646) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062e\u0631\u0641\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0634\u0643\u0644: \u0662).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2763\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2763\" style=\"width: 771px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2763 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/magazine3.bawtaqah.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/shape2.png\" alt=\"\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0662 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062e\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\" width=\"771\" height=\"537\" srcset=\"https:\/\/magazine3.bawtaqah.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/shape2.png 771w, https:\/\/magazine3.bawtaqah.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/shape2-300x209.png 300w, https:\/\/magazine3.bawtaqah.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/shape2-768x535.png 768w, https:\/\/magazine3.bawtaqah.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/shape2-750x522.png 750w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 771px) 100vw, 771px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2763\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0662 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062e\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0628 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\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u064e\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u061b \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 -\u062c\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b- \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 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\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0632\u062e\u0631\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 (\u0631\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0627\u0641\u0629).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2767\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2767\" style=\"width: 669px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2767 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/magazine3.bawtaqah.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/shape5.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"669\" height=\"668\" srcset=\"https:\/\/magazine3.bawtaqah.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/shape5.png 669w, https:\/\/magazine3.bawtaqah.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/shape5-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/magazine3.bawtaqah.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/shape5-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/magazine3.bawtaqah.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/shape5-75x75.png 75w, https:\/\/magazine3.bawtaqah.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/shape5-350x350.png 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 669px) 100vw, 669px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2767\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0665 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064f\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0638 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064f\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631) \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u064e\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0650\u062e\u0629. \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 (tangible cultural meaning). \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0633\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 (intangible cultural meaning). \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0644: \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0648\u0644\u0635\u0642&#8221; \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0629 (intangible meanings) \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 (symbolic) \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/b><\/p>\n<p>[1] Alnaim, M.M. (2020) The Hierarchical Order of Spaces in Arab Traditional Towns: The Case of Najd, Saudi Arabia. <em>World Journal of Engineering and Technology,<\/em> 8, 347-366<\/p>\n<p>[2] Rapoport, A. (1969). <em>House Form and Culture.<\/em> Prentice Hall: New York<\/p>\n<p>[3] Geertz, C. (1973). <em>The Interpretation of Cultures. Selected Essays.<\/em> Fontana Press, New York<\/p>\n<p>[4] Damen, L. (1987). <em>Culture Learning: The fifth Dimension on the Language Classroom<\/em>. Reading, Ma: Addison Wesley.<\/p>\n<p>[5] Rapoport, A. (1977). <em>Human Aspect of Urban Form: Towards a Man Environment.<\/em> Pergamon Press, Oxford<\/p>\n<p>[6] Rapoport, A. (1987). On the Cultural Responsiveness of Architecture. <em>Journal of Architecture Education,<\/em> 41(1), pp. 10-15<\/p>\n<p>[7] Rapoport, A. (2005). <em>Culture, Architecture, Design<\/em>. Lock Science Publ<strong>i<\/strong>shing Company, Inc., Chicago<\/p>\n<p>[8] Hakim, B. (1997). (Ed) Paul Oliver. Symbolism and Decoration. <em>In Encyclopedia of Vernacular Architecture of the World, Cambridge University Press,<\/em> 1, pp. 556-568<\/p>\n<p>[9] Duncan, J. (1981). From Container of Women to Status Symbol: The Impact of Social Structure on the Meaning of the House. <em>In Housing and Identity: Cross-Cultural Perspective,<\/em> Croom Helm, pp. 36-59<\/p>\n<p>[10] Mol, H. (1978). <em>Identity and Religion: International, Cross-Cultural Approaches.<\/em> SAGE Publication Ltd., London<\/p>\n<p>[11] Hakim, B. (1986). The \u201cUrf\u201d and its Role in Diversifying the Architecture of Traditional Islamic Cities. <em>Journal of Architectural and Planning Research, <\/em>pp. 108-126<\/p>\n<p>[12] \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645. (\u0662\u0660\u0662\u0663). \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.almanwar.com\/publications\/hospitality-and-traditional-dwelling-formation\">https:\/\/www.almanwar.com\/publications\/hospitality-and-traditional-dwelling-formation<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[13] \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0639. (\u0662\u0660\u0662\u0663). \u00ab\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062b\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.alriyadh.com\/1998681\">https:\/\/www.alriyadh.com\/1998681<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0\u0661. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 (introverted) \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c (extroverted)\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":2504,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2309","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-architecture"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0661. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 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